南昌市某区企业职工职业健康与安全知信行调查
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward Occupational Health and Safety among Employees in a District of Nanchang
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摘要:
目的 了解企业职工的职业健康与安全知识、态度和行为(knowledge,attitude and practice,KAP)现状,探讨其影响因素。 方法 抽取南昌市高新开发区的9 家企业,随机抽取其中1 200 名(实际应答1 050 名)职工进行自填问卷调查,包括职业健康与安全知识5 道题、态度8 道题和行为7 道题。 结果 仅6.7%、6.2%和6.4%的职工分别不了解“正确安全生产规程和防护品使用方法”、“生产中的危险因素”、“本厂的警告标志和危险区”。94.0%的职工认为健康安全较生产更重要,96.1%同意严格遵守安全程序。75.8%的职工在发现工作有危险后会停止工作,86.1%从不在工作场所吸烟,89.7%接受过职业安全教育培训。Pearson 相关分析显示:知识与态度、行为正相关,态度与行为正相关(r 分别为0.221、0.405、0.270,均P<0.01)。线性回归分析显示:月平均收入、年龄、性别、饮食、饮酒、企业性质、工作强度等影响知识点得分(b' 分别为0.237、0.168、0.127、-0.134、-0.078、-0.069、-0.060,均P<0.05);文化程度、年龄等影响态度得分(b' 分别为0.202、0.105,均P<0.01);年龄、饮食、饮酒、工作强度等影响行为得分(b' 分别为0.123、-0.275、-0.088、-0.060,均P<0.05)。 结论 该区企业职工职业健康与安全知识、态度和行为均较好,但低文化程度和工作强度大的职工需作为职业健康与安全教育的重点对象。 Abstract:Objective To assess enterprise employees' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about occupational health and safety as well as the impact factors. Methods A total of 1 200 workers (1 050 workers responded) were randomly selected from 9 enterprises in Gaoxin District of Nanchang to fill a questionnaire which included 5 questions on occupational health and safety knowledge, 8 on attitude, and 7 on practice. Results According to the questionnaire results, only 6.7%, 6.2%, and 6.4% of the employees didn't know “the correct procedure of safety production and usage of protective equipment”, “hazards from production”, and “warning sign and danger zone of working place”, respectively. Of all the employees investigated, 94.0% consented health and safety is more important than production; 96.1% supported that safety protocol in production must be strictly followed; 75.8% would stop working when dangers occurred; 86.1% reported that they never smoked in working places; and 89.7% attended courses on occupational safety. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that knowledge was positively correlated with attitude and practice, and attitude was positively correlated with practice (r=0.221, 0.405, 0.270, P<0.01 ). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that monthly income, age, gender, dietary habit, drinking behavior, enterprise ownership, and workload were the impact factors of knowledge (b'= 0.237, 0.168, 0.127,-0.134,-0.078,-0.069,-0.060 respectively, P<0.05 ); educational level and age were the impact factors of attitude (b'= 0.202, 0.105 respectively, P<0.01 ); age, dietary habit, drinking behavior, and workload were the impact factors of practice (b'= 0.123,-0.275,-0.088,-0.060 respectively, P<0.05 ). Conclusion The employees in the selected district are generally at high levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward occupational health and safety. But the workers with low educational level and heavy workload should be a key group for occupational health and safety education.
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