某企业职业病危害的半定量风险评估
Occupational Disease Hazards Evaluation in an Enterprise by a Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment Method
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摘要:
目的 对某蓄电池企业职业病危害控制效果运用风险评估模型进行风险评估,为企业整改做好职业病危害控制评价提供依据。 方法 应用新加坡化学毒物职业暴露半定量风险评价方法,系统地识别该企业化学有害因素、评价暴露可能性决定其危害级别,并按危害程度依次处理。 结果 该企业化学有害危害因素为铅尘、铅烟、硫酸。检测结果时间加权平均容许浓度值分别为铅尘0.025~0.030 mg/m3、铅烟0.019~0.035 mg/m3、硫酸0.260 mg/m3,其危害等级都为5 级;暴露等级铅尘作业为3 级,铅烟组装岗位为3 级,铅烟分片岗位为2 级,硫酸化成岗位为3 级。 结论 该蓄电池企业各作业岗位风险等级为重度、中度风险。应根据岗位作业风险分级情况,在职业病危害防护和控制上全面采取重点防护措施,并定期进行风险评估。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the effect of an occupational hazards control program by a risk assessment model in a battery enterprise and to provide evidence for the enterprise's reform. Methods A semi-quantitative risk assessment designed for occupational exposure to chemicals in Singapore was applied to systemically identify chemical hazards in the selected enterprise, to grade related risk level by chemical exposure possibility, and to develop corresponding management strategy. Results The chemical hazards in this enterprise were lead dust, lead fume, and sulfuric acids. The time-weighted average concentration values of lead dust, lead fume, and sulfuric acids were 0.025-0.030 mg/m3, 0.019-0.035 mg/m3, and 0.260 mg/m3, respectively. All estimated hazard classes were 5. The exposure level for lead dust and lead fume at the assembling posts was 3, 2 for lead fume at the slicing posts, and 3 for sulfuric acid at the formation posts. Conclusion For all operating positions, the risk levels are defined as severe or medium. According to the risk classification of work posts, it is important to focus on the comprehensive prevention and control of occupational hazards, as well as regularly risk assessments.
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