Objective To establish an optimum model of health education by evaluating the intervention effects of varied health education models.
Methods By stratified cluster sampling, 600 coal miners in four coal mines of Shanxi Coking Coal Group were enrolled and randomized into one control group and three intervention groups (I, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ). Three combinations of health education on pneumoconiosis were applied to the three intervention groups respectively, i.e. intensive classes, intensive classes plus brochures, intensive classes plus brochures plus participative trainings; while no intervention measures were introduced to the control group. The miners were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire about the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pneumoconiosis before and after the designed interventions.
Results The data before the health education interventions showed the awareness rates of knowledge on pneumoconiosis of the enrolled coal miners were on the high side (> 85%), except that the awareness rates of the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Disease and the medical locations of pneumoconiosis care service were 67.80% and 68.48% respectively; the percentages of miners helding correct attitudes toward pneumoconiosis prevention ranged from 70.36% to 91.82%; the behavior formation rates against pneumoconiosis were on the low side, for example only 51.28% reported that they actively learned the knowledge of pneumoconiosis. After health educations, the related knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the three intervention groups were all significantly improved, and the best intervention effect was seen in the intervention group Ⅲ (P<0.05).
Conclusion All the three combinations of intervention measures remarkably improve the pneumoconiosis related knowledge, attitude, and behavior of coal miners, but the combination of intensive classes, brochures, and participative trainings proves to be the best health education model for pneumoconiosis prevention.
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