Objective To evaluate the effects of self-management program among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in Shanghai communities, and provide evidence for promoting that intervention in communities.
Methods A total of 250 volunteers with T2D from eight communities of Xuhui, Minhang, Songjiang, and Jinshan districts in Shanghai were invited to a T2D selfmanagement program. Diabetes knowledge awareness, healthy behaviors, health status, and self-efficacy in the participants before and after the self-management program were interviewed using structured questionnaires and compared using McNemar's test for paired data. Fasting blood glucose and blood pressure before and after the intervention were tested and compared using paired t test.
Results Of the 250 T2D patients, 85 (34.0%) were male and 165 (66.0%) were female, with an average age of (68.04& #177;8.91) years. The prevalence rates of chronic diabetic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, vascular disorder in lower extremities, and diabetic feet among the participants were 1.6%, 11.2%, 7.2%, 3.6%, and 1.2%, respectively. The prevalence rates of such chronic diseases as coronary disease, stroke, hypertension, hyperlipoidemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 25.6%, 12.4%, 75.2%, 26.0%, and 0.8%, respectively. After the intervention, the awareness rates of diabetes knowledge increased from 46.7% at baseline to 70.3% (P < 0.05). Higher proportions were found after the program than at baseline of self-monitoring blood glucose more than 3 days per week, following T2D diet guideline over 5 days per week, and doing aerobic exercise > 30 minutes/week and > 5 days per week, and taking medicine on time (all P < 0.05). After the intervention, the total self-efficacy score in the participants increased (P < 0.05); the average fasting blood glucose decreased by 0.93 mmol/L; the average unhealthy days caused by illness and negative emotions in the last 30 days decreased by 0.77 d and 0.51 d respectively (all P < 0.05).
Conclusion Self-management could improve T2D patient's awareness on T2D, capability, and self-efficacy of chronic disease self-management, blood glucose, and health status.
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