Removal of antibiotic resistance genes in environment
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Abstract
Antibiotics have been widely used in medicine, animal husbandry, and aquaculture since their discovery. Those not absorbed by humans and animals enter the environment through excretion, resulting in high levels of antibiotics in the environment. Microorganisms in the environment have produced more and more antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes under the continuous screening of antibiotics, which has attracted worldwide attention. Antibiotic resistance genes (with antibiotic resistant bacteria as the main carrier) continue to spread among species through horizontal gene transfer with the help of movable genetic elements such as integrons, plasmids, and transposons, which directly causes the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. Due to the mobility of global microorganisms, the potential harm of antibiotic resistance genes to human health and ecological environment has attracted great attention, and it is urgent to carry out research on effective removal of antibiotic resistance genes. In this paper, the principles and removal effects of typical removal processes, such as traditional disinfection techniques, ionizing radiation, aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion, and membrane bioreactor, on antibiotic resistance genes were summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages were also analyzed, aiming to help specify the development and research focus of antibiotic resistance gene removal methods in the future.
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