王旭波, 施志豪, 辛佳芮, 高向景, 周莉芳, 谢红卫, 钱佩谊. 浙江省五家汽车制造企业接噪工人听力损失的流行病学特征[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(12): 1386-1390, 1397. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22163
引用本文: 王旭波, 施志豪, 辛佳芮, 高向景, 周莉芳, 谢红卫, 钱佩谊. 浙江省五家汽车制造企业接噪工人听力损失的流行病学特征[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(12): 1386-1390, 1397. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22163
WANG Xubo, SHI Zhihao, XIN Jiarui, GAO Xiangjing, ZHOU Lifang, XIE Hongwei, QIAN Peiyi. Epidemiological characteristics of noise-induced hearing loss among workers in five automobile manufacturing enterprises in Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(12): 1386-1390, 1397. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22163
Citation: WANG Xubo, SHI Zhihao, XIN Jiarui, GAO Xiangjing, ZHOU Lifang, XIE Hongwei, QIAN Peiyi. Epidemiological characteristics of noise-induced hearing loss among workers in five automobile manufacturing enterprises in Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(12): 1386-1390, 1397. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22163

浙江省五家汽车制造企业接噪工人听力损失的流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of noise-induced hearing loss among workers in five automobile manufacturing enterprises in Zhejiang Province

  • 摘要: 背景

    噪声是汽车制造业中存在最广泛、接触人数最多的职业危害因素。汽车制造业是噪声性听力损失的高危行业。

    目的

    了解汽车制造业接触噪声工人听力损失流行病学特征,并探讨听力损失的影响因素。

    方法

    对5家汽车制造企业的噪声接触工人(n=656)开展问卷调查、个体噪声录音和纯音测听,获取年龄、性别、工龄、噪声强度、峰度、听力等数据,统计高频听力损失(HFNIHL)检出率和语频听力损失(SFNIHL)检出率。比较是否HFNIHL人群的各相关因素水平。对不同年龄、性别、工龄、8 h等效连续A计权声压级(LAeq,8 h)以及峰度分组与HFNIHL检出率进行卡方检验和趋势性分析。采用logistic回归分析HFNIHL和SFNIHL的影响因素。

    结果

    非稳态噪声接触率为73.6%。HFNIHL检出率为32.6%(214人),SFNIHL检出率为6.7%(44人)。HFNIHL组年龄、男性构成比、工龄、噪声强度(LAeq,8 h)以及峰度均高于非HFNIHL组(P<0.05)。HFNIHL检出率随着年龄、工龄、噪声强度以及峰度的增加均呈现上升趋势(χ2趋势-年龄=49.25,P<0.001;χ2趋势-工龄=22.19,P<0.001;χ2趋势-噪声强度=6.91,P=0.009;χ2趋势-峰度=8.56,P=0.003)。logistic回归显示年龄(OR=2.13,95% CI: 1.67~2.71,P<0.001)、性别(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.44~3.62,P<0.001)、工龄(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.11~1.85,P=0.006)、LAeq,8 hOR=1.37,95%CI:1.08~1.76,P=0.011)以及峰度(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.14~1.63,P=0.001)与HFNIHL发生风险相关,而仅有年龄与SFNIHL发生风险相关(OR=2.15,95%CI:1.33~3.33,P=0.001)。

    结论

    汽车制造行业噪声接触工人听力损失风险高,年龄、性别、工龄、噪声强度以及峰度均是高频听力损失的重要影响因素。

     

    Abstract: Background

    Noise is the most common occupational hazard in the automobile manufacturing industry with the most workers exposed. Automobile manufacturing industry is a high-risk industry for noise-induced hearing loss.

    Objective

    To understand the epidemiological characteristics of noise-induced hearing loss among workers in automobile manufacturing industry and explore related influencing factors.

    Methods

    A questionnaire survey, individual noise recording, and pure tone audiometry were conducted among workers (n=656) exposed to noise from five automobile manufacturing enterprises. The data on age, sex, exposure duration, noise intensity, kurtosis, and hearing loss were obtained. The positive rates of high-frequency noise-induced hearing loss (HFNIHL) and speech-frequency noise-induced hearing loss (SFNIHL) were calculated, and each factor was compared between workers with and without HFNIHL. Chi-square test and analysis of trend were conducted among different groups of age, sex, exposure duration, A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level normalized to a nominal 8-hour working day (LAeq,8h), and kurtosis. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the positive rates of HFNIHL and SFNIHL.

    Results

    The exposure rates of non-Gaussian noise was 73.6%. The positive rates of HFNIHL and SFNIHL were 32.6% (214 workers) and 6.7% (44 workers), respectively. The HFNIHL workers showed older age, higher proportion of male, longer exposure duration, higher noise intensity (LAeq,8 h), and increased kurtosis than those without HFNIHL (P<0.05). The positive rates of HFNIHL increased with the increase of age, exposure duration, LAeq,8 h, and kurtosis ( \chi ^2 trend-age=49.25, P<0.001; \chi ^2 trend-duration=22.19, P<0.001; \chi ^2 trend-LAeq=6.91, P=0.009; \chi ^2 trend-kurtosis=8.56, P=0.003). The results of logistic regression showed that age (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.67-2.71, P<0.001), sex (OR=2.29, 95%CI: 1.44-3.62, P<0.001), exposure duration (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.11-1.85, P=0.006), LAeq,8h (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.08~1.76, P=0.011), and kurtosis (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.14-1.63, P=0.001) were factors associated with the risk of HFNIHL, while only age was associated with the risk of SFNIHL (OR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.33-3.33, P=0.001).

    Conclusion

    Workers exposed to noise in automobile manufacturing industry are at a high risk of hearing loss. Age, sex, exposure duration, LAeq,8 h, and kurtosis are key influencing factors of hearing loss.

     

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