全氟和多氟烷基物质暴露与不良妊娠结局的研究进展

Research progress on exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and adverse pregnancy outcomes

  • 摘要: 全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是一类持久性环境污染物,在全球范围内的多种环境介质中都能检出,不仅存在于大气、水、土壤等自然环境中,还在动物及人体内被检出,对人类健康构成潜在威胁。流行病学研究显示,PFAS暴露与流产、早产、低出生体重和身长等不良妊娠结局密切相关。研究表明,育龄期妇女在产前及孕期受PFAS暴露后引发流产和早产的风险较高,但至今国内外的多项研究结果并不一致,可以肯定的是PFAS暴露与出生体重和身长之间呈负相关。目前研究显示PFAS暴露引起不良妊娠结局的相关机制有多条途径,可能与氧化应激、内分泌激素水平、糖脂质代谢异常及基因表达等有关,但具体机制尚不明确。本文回顾了近年来有关PFAS暴露与不良妊娠结局之间的流行病学研究,重点讨论了PFAS暴露对妊娠结局的影响,归纳了其潜在的作用机制,旨在明确该类化学物质的生殖毒性,引起育龄期妇女及孕妇的关注,并为相关预防和干预措施提供科学依据。

     

    Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent environmental pollutants that are detected globally not only in the natural environment such as air, water, and soil, but also in animal and humans, posing a potential threat to human health. Epidemiological studies showed that PFAS exposure is closely associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight and length. Studies showed that women of childbearing age have a higher risk of miscarriage and preterm birth after PFAS exposure before and during pregnancy, but the results of many studies at home and abroad are inconsistent, and it is certain that PFAS exposure is negatively correlated with birth weight and length. The mechanism of action of PFAS exposure inducing adverse pregnancy outcomes may include multiple pathways, involving oxidative stress, changes in endocrine hormone levels, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, and gene expression. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. This article reviewed recent epidemiological studies on the relationships between PFAS exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes, focusing on the effects of PFAS exposure on pregnancy outcomes, and summarized the potential mechanisms of action. This article aimed to clarify the reproductive toxicity of such chemicals, arouse the concern of women of childbearing age and pregnant women, and provide scientific basis for relevant prevention and intervention measures.

     

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