长工时对深圳市8家制造企业员工失眠、焦虑及抑郁症状的影响

Impact of long working hours on insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms among employees of eight manufacturing enterprises in Shenzhen

  • 摘要:
    背景 长工时是职业健康的风险因素,特别是在制造业等高强度行业中,长工时可能对从业人员的睡眠及心理健康造成不良影响。
    目的 本研究旨在探讨长工时对制造业从业人员失眠、焦虑及抑郁症状的影响,并为相关的职业健康干预措施提供科学依据。
    方法 本研究采用横断面研究设计,调查了深圳地区8家制造企业共1524名从业人员。通过结构化问卷收集数据,问卷内容包括人口学特征、工作情况(如工龄、岗位、轮班作业、夜班作业、每周工作时间)、个人行为方式(如吸烟、饮酒情况)以及失眠(阿森斯失眠量表)、焦虑(广泛性焦虑量表)及抑郁(患者健康问卷抑郁症量表)症状的发生情况。根据工作时间将参与者分为长工时(每周工作≥55 h)和正常工时(每周工作35~40 h)两组,采用二元logistic回归分析长工时与失眠、焦虑及抑郁症状的关联。
    结果 共有1491名制造业从业者纳入本研究(问卷有效率:97.8%),男性占54.19%,女性占45.81%,年龄主要集中在40~49岁(45.48%),总人群中长工时比例为31.52%,其中生产与技术类从业者长工时比例最高(36.49%)。长工时者的失眠、焦虑及抑郁症状的检出率分别为56.2%、26.6%和23.8%,高于正常工时者(P<0.05)。在调整了可能的混杂因素后,logistic回归分析显示,与正常工时相比,长工时从业人员失眠(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.60~2.91)、焦虑(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.34~2.81)及抑郁症状(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.11~2.38)的发生风险更高。
    结论 长工时显著增加制造业从业人员失眠、焦虑及抑郁症状的风险。建议通过限制工作时长、增加休息时间,并提供职业健康教育和心理支持,以改善从业者的睡眠与心理健康状况。

     

    Abstract:
    Background Long working hours are a risk factor for occupational health, particularly in labor-intensive sectors such as manufacturing. Prolonged working hours may have adverse effects on the sleep and mental health of employees.
    Objective To investigate the impact of long working hours on insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms among manufacturing industry employees and provide scientific evidence for relevant occupational health interventions.
    Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1524 employees from eight manufacturing enterprises in Shenzhen. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which included demographic characteristics, work conditions (e.g., years of employment, job type, shift work, night shifts, weekly working hours), personal behaviors (e.g., smoking and drinking habits), and the occurrence of insomnia (by the Athens Insomnia Scale), anxiety (by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale), and depression (by the Patient Health Questionnaire). Participants were classified into two groups based on working hours: long working hours (≥55 h per week) and normal working hours (35-40 h per week). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between long working hours and the occurrences of insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms.
    Results A total of 1491 manufacturing industry employees were included in the study (response rate: 97.8%). The sample consisted of 54.19% males and 45.81% females, with the largest proportion was those aged 40-49 years (45.48%). The proportion of workers with long working hours in the total population was 31.52%, with the highest proportion among production and technical employees (36.49%). The prevalence of insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms was 56.2%, 26.6%, and 23.8%, respectively in the long working hours group, significantly higher than those in the normal working hours group (P<0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, the logistic regression analysis showed that long working hours were significantly associated with increased risks of insomnia (OR=2.16, 95%CI: 1.60, 2.91), anxiety (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.81), and depression symptoms (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.38) compared to normal working hours.
    Conclusion Long working hours significantly increase the risks of insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms among manufacturing industry employees. It is recommended that measures should be implemented to limit working hours, increase rest periods, and provide occupational health education and psychological support to improve the sleep and mental health of employees.

     

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