奶牛养殖对从业人员肠道菌群结构及多样性的影响

Impact of dairy farming on gut microbiota structure and diversity of practitioners

  • 摘要:
    背景 动物养殖因素可影响从业人员肠道菌群结构及其多样性,但国内目前缺乏奶牛养殖作业对从业人员肠道菌群影响的研究。
    目的 分析奶牛养殖从业人员、奶牛和对照人群(非动物接触职业人群)肠道菌群多样性特征,评估奶牛养殖对从业人员肠道菌群的影响。
    方法 采用16S rRNA全长扩增子测序技术,对60份奶牛场从业人员、89份奶牛及50份一般人群粪便样本进行测序,并分析操作分类单元(OTUs)、alpha多样性、beta多样性及门、科、属水平物种组成等肠道菌群结构特征。比较3组样本之间的肠道菌群差异,探讨职业暴露对奶牛养殖从业人员肠道菌群结构的影响。
    结果 在从业人员、奶牛和一般人群肠道菌群中共计发现50478 OTUs,分别含有236134272316592个OTUs。奶牛与一般人群肠道菌群共同OTUs数为12674(27.17%);一般人群与从业人员肠道菌群之间共同OTUs数为10099(33.54%);奶牛与从业人员肠道菌群共同OTUs数为17690(36.36%)。相比于一般人群,从业人员与奶牛肠道菌群拥有更多的共同菌群(P<0.01)。同时,从业人员的肠道厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)丰度高于一般人群(P<0.01),而放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)则与之相反(P<0.01)。从业人员肠道菌群alpha多样性与一般人群存在差异:从业人员ACE指数略低于一般人群,远低于奶牛(P<0.05);而Shannon指数高于一般人群,但低于奶牛(P<0.01)。线性判别分析(LEfSe)发现从业人员肠道菌群中厚壁菌门毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)和瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)丰度明显高于一般人群,链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)、乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)、双歧杆菌科(Bifidobacteriaceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、红斑丹毒丝菌科(Erysipelatoclostridiaceae)丰度低于一般人群。
    结论 奶牛养殖从业人员肠道菌群与奶牛之间拥有一定比例的共同菌群,奶牛养殖作业会影响从业人员肠道菌群结构和多样性,增加毛螺菌科和瘤胃球菌科的丰度,但减少链球菌科、乳杆菌科、双歧杆菌科、肠杆菌科、红斑丹毒丝菌科的丰度。研究结果为进一步探讨奶牛饲养职业暴露相关病原体的跨宿主传播提供参考数据。

     

    Abstract:
    Background Animal farming may affect the structure and diversity of gut microbiota of farm workers, but it needs more studies to provide solid evidence.
    Objective To analyze the diversity characteristics of gut microbiota in dairy farm workers, dairy cows, and the control population (non-animal contact occupational group), and to assess the impact of dairy farming on the gut microbiota of workers.
    Methods The 16S rRNA full-length amplicon sequencing technology was used to sequence 60 fecal samples from dairy farm workers, 89 from dairy cows, and 50 from the general population. The gut microbiota structure characteristics, including operational taxonomic units (OTUs), alpha diversity, beta diversity, and the composition of species at the phylum, family, and genus levels were analyzed. The differences in gut microbiota among the three groups of samples were compared to explore the impact of occupational exposure on the gut microbiota structure of dairy farm workers.
    Results A total of 50478 OTUs were identified in the gut microbiota of farm workers, dairy cows, and the general population, with 23613, 42723, and 16592 OTUs, respectively. The number of shared OTUs between the dairy cows and the general population was 12674 (27.17%), between the general population and the farm workers was 10099 (33.54%), and between the dairy cows and the farm workers was 17690 (36.36%). Compared with the general population, the farm workers and dairy cows showed more shared gut microbiota (P<0.01). The abundance of Firmicutes in the gut of the farm workers was higher than that of the general population (P<0.01), while Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria were the opposite (P<0.01). The alpha diversity of gut microbiota in the farm workers was different from that of the general population. The ACE index of the farm workers was slightly lower than that of the general population and much lower than that of dairy cows (P<0.05), while their Shannon index was higher than that of the general population but lower than that of dairy cows (P<0.01). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) showed that the abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in the gut microbiota of the farm workers were significantly higher than those of the general population, while Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae were lower than those of the general population.
    Conclusion The dairy farm workers shares a certain proportion of common bacterial communities with dairy cows. Dairy farming operations can affect the structure and diversity of the gut microbiota of workers by increasing the abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, while decreasing the abundances of Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae. The study results provide reference data for further exploring the cross-host transmission of pathogens related to occupational exposure in dairy farming.

     

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