Background Pneumoconiosis is the leading occupational disease affecting the health of the occupational population in China, and the number of new cases is still the highest. At present, there are few analyses on the epidemiological features and survival factors of pneumoconiosis.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features and actors associated with the survival of pneumoconiosis patients in Lin’an District of Hangzhou, and provide a theoretical basis for local pneumoconiosis prevention and control.

Methods Information and survival data of confirmed pneumoconiosis patients in Lin’an were collected through the occupational disease and health hazard monitoring information system, diagnostic data, public security, social security, civil affairs, and chronic disease death systems. The type of pneumoconiosis, working age of dust exposure, survival, and other relevant information were compared and analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and the survival data were analyzed by Cox regression.

Results Ninety-two cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Lin’an from 1968 to 2023, all of them were male, and silicosis was the most prevalent type (82.61%). The age of pneumoconiosis diagnosis was mainly 40-60 years old (73.91%), the dust exposure working years were mostly 10-20 years (41.30%), and the industries with high incidences were mainly concentrated in mining and metal manufacturing (76.09%). The average age of death in the pneumoconiosis patients was (69.19±10.78) years old, and the main causes of death were respiratory diseases and cancer (51%). Stage of pneumoconiosis and medical insurance had an effect on the survival time of pneumoconiosis patients, while working age of exposure to dust and type of pneumoconiosis did not.

Conclusion Silicosis is the predominant type of pneumoconiosis in Lin’an. It is essential to strengthen the regulation and oversight of industries with high exposure to dust hazards, while ensuring comprehensive rehabilitation support for diagnosed patients to further improve their quality of life.