湖北省恩施州不同土壤硒水平区域主要农作物、饮用水和儿童硒水平

Selenium levels of staple crops, drinking water, and children in areas with different soil selenium levels in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province

  • 摘要:
    背景 研究表明微量元素硒与肿瘤、心血管疾病和艾滋病等多种疾病的发生有关。恩施州是富硒地区,不同区域硒水平分布极不均匀。
    目的 了解湖北省恩施州不同土壤硒水平区域主要农作物、饮用水和儿童血液、头发的硒水平。
    方法 根据文献,按土壤硒水平将恩施州分为足硒区(1.28~4.05 mg/kg)、高硒区(4.05~6.35 mg/kg)和极高硒区(≥ 6.35 mg/kg),每个区域随机选择一个镇(乡)作为采样点。2016年10-11月,从选中的镇(乡)中采取梅花抽样方法抽取5个自然村,每一自然村中随机抽取6户居民,每个区域采集饮用水(90份)、土豆(75份)、玉米(74份)、黄豆(70份),以各乡镇幼儿园为单位,随机抽取每个地区各3所幼儿园,739名3~5岁本地儿童作为研究对象,采集每名儿童静脉血4 mL(共443份)和0.1~0.2 g头发样本(共739份)。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定样本中硒含量。
    结果 恩施州足硒、高硒和极高硒区饮用水硒质量浓度分别为(0.09±0.06)、(1.72±3.61)、(3.15±2.05)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(F=12.26,P < 0.01);3个区域的玉米和黄豆硒质量分数之间的差异有统计学意义(F=9.43、5.76,均P < 0.01),且在极高硒区最高,分别为(0.31±0.39)、(1.36±2.47)μg/g。足硒、高硒和极高硒区儿童血硒质量浓度分别为(0.07±0.01)、(0.11±0.04)、(0.08±0.03)mg/L,发硒质量分数分别为(0.46±0.21)、(0.80±0.72)、(0.78±0.30)μg/g,血硒水平在高硒区最高。
    结论 恩施州不同硒水平区域的饮用水、玉米、黄豆中硒含量具有差异,儿童体内硒水平处于良好状态。

     

    Abstract:
    Background Studies have shown that trace element selenium is associated with the development of many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Enshi Prefecture is a selenium-rich area in China, and the distribution of selenium is extremely uneven in different regions.
    Objective This study aims to understand the selenium levels of staple crops, drinking water, and children's blood and hair in areas with different soil selenium levels in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province.
    Methods According to the soil selenium levels reported in previous studies, Enshi Prefecture was divided into three areas with adequate (1.28-4.05 mg/kg), high (4.05-6.35 mg/kg), and extremely high (≥ 6.35 mg/kg) selenium levels, respectively. A town was randomly selected to collect samples from each area. From October to November 2016, five villages were selected from each town by plum sampling method, and six households were randomly selected from each village. Environment samples were collected from each area, including drinking water (n=90), potato (n=75), corn (n=74), and soybean (n=70). Three kindergartens were randomly selected from each area, and a total of 739 children aged 3-5 years were enrolled as study subjects. Venous blood samples (4 mL, n=443) and hair samples (0.1-0.2 g, n=739) were collected from the children. Selenium levels in the samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
    Results The selenium concentrations of drinking water were (0.09±0.06), (1.72±3.61), and (3.15±2.05) μg/L in areas with adequate, high, and extremely high selenium levels in Enshi Prefecture, respectively (F=12.26, P < 0.001). There were differences in the selenium levels of corn and soybean among the three areas (F=9.43, 5.76, P < 0.01), highest in the extremely high selenium area, which were (0.31±0.39) and (1.36±2.47) μg/g, respectively. The children's blood selenium levels were (0.07±0.01), (0.11±0.04), and (0.08±0.03) mg/L in the adequate, high, and extremely high selenium areas, respectively, highest in the high selenium area, and their hair selenium levels were (0.46±0.21), (0.80±0.72), and (0.78±0.30) μg/g, respectively.
    Conclusion Selenium distributions in drinking water, corn, and soybean vary by areas with different selenium levels in Enshi Prefecture. Children's selenium levels in this area are appropriate.

     

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