长工时对供电企业运检作业人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的影响
Effect of long working hours on work-related musculoskeletal disorders among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises
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摘要:
背景 长工时导致职业人群的身心健康危害不容乐观，应引起积极的关注。
目的 了解供电企业运检作业人员长工时的现况，分析其对该人群工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（WMSDs）的影响。
方法 2021年3—6月，采用整群抽样方法开展横断面调查，在吉林省、山东省和天津市选择10家供电公司共1433名运检作业人员作为调查对象。统一发放修订版肌肉骨骼疾患问卷，共发放调查问卷1433份，回收1343份，问卷回收率93.72%。问卷内容包括一般情况、个人健康行为方式、每周工作时间情况、工作相关因素情况以及身体9个部位在过去1年内的肌肉骨骼疼痛或不适症状情况。采用
χ 2检验和多因素logistic回归分析模型分析探讨长工时（周工作时间>40 h）与WMSDs的关联。结果 研究对象平均年龄（39.42±9.89）岁，平均工龄11.00（5.00，21.00）年；男性1158人（占比86.22%），女性185人（占比13.78%）。研究对象平均每周工作时间为（47.98±11.35）h，长工时（周工作时间>40 h）作业人员的比例为61.06%（820/1343），男性、配电岗位、轮班作业、经常/很频繁长时间站立和不舒服工作姿势、经常搬举重物、没有足够空间进行操作、颈部长时间后仰、手臂举到肩膀以上、肘部频繁弯曲、膝部每分钟多次做同一动作、下肢每分钟多次做同一动作的运检作业人员长工时的比例较高（均
P <0.05）；运检作业人员WMSDs症状发生率为81.53%（1095/1343）。多因素logistic回归模型结果显示，校正了受教育程度、吸烟、体育锻炼、不舒服工作姿势、经常搬举重物、没有足够空间进行操作、背部大幅度弯曲、颈部长时间后仰和手臂举到肩膀以上后，与每周工作时间≤40 h相比，每周工作时间>49 h的供电企业运检作业人员WMSDs症状发生风险较高（OR=1.406，95%CI：1.011~1.955）。结论 供电企业运检作业人员普遍存在长工时作业现象，长工时增加其WMSDs症状发生的风险。
Abstract:Background Long working hours is harmful to the physical and mental health of occupational groups, and should receive active attention.
Objective To evaluate the current status of long working hours among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and explore its effects on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the population.
Methods From March to June 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1433 operation and maintenance workers from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Shandong Province, and Tianjin Municipality using cluster sampling. A total of 1433 copies of revised Mus-culoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire were distributed, 1343 questionnaires were recovered, and the recovery rate was 93.72%. The questionnaire included general information, personal health behaviors, weekly working hours, work-related factors, and musculoskeletal pain or discomfort in nine body parts in the past 12 months.
χ 2 test and multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationships between long working hours (>40 h per week) and WMSDs.Results The average age of the workers was (39.42±9.89) years, and the average work experience was 11.00 (5.00, 21.00) years. There were 1158 males (86.22%) and 185 females (13.78%). The average weekly working hours of the workers were (47.98±11.35) h, and the proportion of long working hours (>40 h per week) was 61.06% (820/1343). The proportions of long working hours were higher among the workers with characteristics of male, power distribution, shift work, often/very often long-time standing, often/very often holding awkward postures, often handling heavy objects, limited space to operate, long-time neck tilting backward, keeping arms above shoulders, frequent elbow bending, repeating knee movement every minute, and repeating lower limb or foot movement every minute (all
P <0.05). The prevalence rate of WMSDs was 81.53% (1095/1343) among the workers. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that after adjusting education, smoking, exercise, awkward postures, often handling heavy objects, limited space to operate, long-time heavy trunk bending, long-time neck tilting backward, and keeping arms above shoulders, compared with working ≤40 h per week, the risk of WMSDs among workers working >49 h per week was higher (OR=1.406, 95%CI: 1.011-1.955).Conclusion Long working hours is prominent among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and increases the risk of reporting WMSDs.
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