张丹, 朱宝余, 李嘉杰, 李宏彦, 高阳, 梁展珲, 陈青松. 供电企业运检作业人员颈部和肩部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患现状及影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2023, 40(1): 34-42. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22345
引用本文: 张丹, 朱宝余, 李嘉杰, 李宏彦, 高阳, 梁展珲, 陈青松. 供电企业运检作业人员颈部和肩部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患现状及影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2023, 40(1): 34-42. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22345
ZHANG Dan, ZHU Baoyu, LI Jiajie, LI Hongyan, GAO Yang, LIANG Zhanhui, CHEN Qingsong. Neck and shoulder pain among operation and maintenance workers of selected power supply enterprises[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2023, 40(1): 34-42. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22345
Citation: ZHANG Dan, ZHU Baoyu, LI Jiajie, LI Hongyan, GAO Yang, LIANG Zhanhui, CHEN Qingsong. Neck and shoulder pain among operation and maintenance workers of selected power supply enterprises[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2023, 40(1): 34-42. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22345

供电企业运检作业人员颈部和肩部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患现状及影响因素

Neck and shoulder pain among operation and maintenance workers of selected power supply enterprises

  • 摘要:
    背景 电网行业为国民经济的基础产业,该行业运检作业人员的职业健康问题日益凸显,应引起足够关注。
    目的 了解供电企业运检作业人员颈部和肩部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)症状的发生情况,并分析相关影响因素。
    方法 2021年3—6月,采用整群抽样方法选择我国北方3省10家供电公司的全部1433名运检作业人员作为调查对象。采用修订版肌肉骨骼疾患问卷调查其过去1年颈部和肩部WMSDs症状的发生情况以及不良工效学因素的接触情况。采用χ2检验和多因素logistic回归模型分析研究对象颈部和肩部WMSDs症状发生的影响因素。
    结果 回收有效问卷1343份,问卷有效率为93.72%。研究对象颈部WMSDs症状发生率为66.0%(886人),肩部WMSDs症状发生率为54.1%(727人)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,经常/很频繁长时间坐位工作(OR=1.864,95%CI:1.236~2.811;OR=1.659,95%CI:1.091~2.524)、有时以不舒服姿势工作(OR=1.695,95%CI:1.294~2.219;OR=1.596,95%CI:1.218~2.092)、经常/很频繁以不舒服姿势工作(OR=2.416,95%CI:1.618~3.607;OR=2.058,95%CI:1.405~3.015)、颈部长时间保持稍微前倾(OR=1.327,95%CI:1.023~1.722;OR=1.571,95%CI:1.221~2.022)、肘部长时间保持弯曲(OR=1.327,95%CI:1.023~1.722;OR=1.506,95%CI:1.112~2.040)和部门或班组人员紧缺(OR=1.578,95%CI:1.153~2.161;OR=1.831,95%CI:1.320~2.539)的运检作业人员颈部和肩部WMSDs症状发生的风险较高;而体育锻炼(OR=0.630,95%CI:0.492~0.809;OR=0.707,95%CI:0.557~0.899)的运检作业人员颈部和肩部WMSDs症状发生的风险较低。每天重复同样的工作(OR=1.704,95%CI:1.305~2.225)的运检作业人员颈部WMSDs症状发生的风险较高;姿势不舒服用不上劲(OR=1.808,95%CI:1.226~2.665)和手臂经常举到肩膀以上(OR=1.424,95%CI:1.017~1.992)的运检作业人员肩部WMSDs症状发生的风险较高。
    结论 我国北方某三省供电企业运检作业人员颈部和肩部WMSDs症状发生率较高,主要影响因素包括个体因素、不良工作姿势和劳动组织。

     

    Abstract:
    Background Power grid is a basic industry of national economy. The occupational health problems among operation and maintenance workers in this industry have become increasingly prominent in recent years, and they should receive enough attention.
    Objective To estimate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of neck and shoulder among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and analyze related influencing factors.
    Methods From March to June 2021, a total of 1433 operation and maintenance worker from 10 power supply enterprises in three provinces of North China were selected as research subjects using cluster sampling method. A revised Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence and ergonomic factors of neck and shoulder pain in the past year. χ2 test and logistic regression model were used to explore influencing factors of neck and shoulder pain among operation and maintenance workers.
    Results A total of 1343 valid questionnaires were recovered and the effective recovery rate was 93.72%. The neck pain prevalence was 66.0% (886 cases) and the shoulder pain prevalence was 54.1% (727 cases). The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that often/very often long-time sitting (OR=1.864, 95%CI: 1.236-2.811; OR=1.659, 95%CI: 1.091-2.524), sometimes holding awkward postures (OR=1.695, 95%CI: 1.294-2.219; OR=1.596, 95%CI: 1.218-2.092), often/very often holding awkward postures (OR=2.416, 95%CI: 1.618-3.607; OR=2.058, 95%CI: 1.405-3.015), long-time slight neck tilting forward (OR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.023-1.722; OR=1.571, 95%CI: 1.221-2.022), long-time elbows bending (OR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.023-1.722; OR=1.506, 95%CI: 1.112-2.040) and department or team staff shortages (OR=1.578, 95%CI: 1.153-2.161; OR=1.831, 95%CI: 1.320-2.539) were associated with higher neck and shoulder pain prevalence rates. While exercise (OR=0.630, 95%CI: 0.492-0.809; OR=0.707, 95%CI: 0.557-0.899) was associated with lower neck and shoulder pain prevalence rates. Doing same work every day (OR=1.704, 95%CI: 1.305-2.225) was associated with a higher neck pain prevalence rate. Awkward postures with ineffectual force (OR=1.808, 95%CI: 1.226-2.665) and often keeping arms above shoulders (OR=1.424, 95%CI: 1.017-1.992) were associated with a higher shoulder pain prevalence rate.
    Conclusion The prevalence rates of neck and shoulder pian are high among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises in selected three provinces of North China, and the main associated factors include individual factors, awkward work postures, and labor organization.

     

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