吴晓莉, 罗春燕, 赵燕萍, 严青华, 姚海宏, 虞瑾, 吴凡. 上海市3240名孕妇被动吸烟的干预效果评价[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2014, 31(10): 770-775. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0189
引用本文: 吴晓莉, 罗春燕, 赵燕萍, 严青华, 姚海宏, 虞瑾, 吴凡. 上海市3240名孕妇被动吸烟的干预效果评价[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2014, 31(10): 770-775. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0189
WU Xiao-li , LUO Chun-yan , ZHAO Yan-ping , YAN Qing-hua , YAO Hai-hong , YU Jin , WU Fan . Effect Evaluation of Intervention Program to Reduce Passive Smoke Exposure among 3 240 Pregnant Women in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2014, 31(10): 770-775. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0189
Citation: WU Xiao-li , LUO Chun-yan , ZHAO Yan-ping , YAN Qing-hua , YAO Hai-hong , YU Jin , WU Fan . Effect Evaluation of Intervention Program to Reduce Passive Smoke Exposure among 3 240 Pregnant Women in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2014, 31(10): 770-775. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0189

上海市3240名孕妇被动吸烟的干预效果评价

Effect Evaluation of Intervention Program to Reduce Passive Smoke Exposure among 3 240 Pregnant Women in Shanghai

  • 摘要:
    目的 评价基于技能培养的被动吸烟干预活动对孕妇被动吸烟的干预效果。

    方法 采用整群抽样方法选取上海市6 个社区的孕妇作为研究对象,随机将其中4 个社区作为干预组,2 个作为对照组。对干预组孕妇开展持续整个孕期的基于技能培养的被动吸烟综合干预活动。用问卷调查的方式,对从2011 年3 月至2012 年2 月建册的3 240 名孕妇(干预组2 151 人,对照组1 089 人)分别进行基线和终末调查。比较两组孕妇基线及终末调查时的被动吸烟率及其相关知识得分,观察孕妇在不同场所的被动吸烟率及被动吸烟时间的改变。

    结果 终末调查时,干预组和对照组孕妇在家中的被动吸烟率分别从基线时的21.9%降低至3.2%,12.0%降低至2.8%;干预组与对照组在家中被动吸烟率的变化经混合效应模型检验,差异有统计学意义(P=0.006);排除了基线被动吸烟率的差异后,终末调查时干预组在家中的被动吸烟率是对照组的50%。干预组在室内工作场所被动吸烟率从12.6%降低至1.2%,在公共场所被动吸烟率从29.1%降低至5.0%;与对照组在室内工作场所、公共场所被动吸烟率的变化差别无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。排除了基线被动吸烟时间的差异后,终末调查时干预组在家中被动吸烟时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000 7);干预组与对照组在室内工作场所、公共场所被动吸烟时间的变化差别无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。

    结论 基于技能与知识的综合干预措施能有效降低孕妇在家庭内被动吸烟暴露。对降低室内工作场所和公共场所被动吸烟的干预措施尚需积极探索。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To evaluate the effect of a skill development based intervention program to reduce passive smoke exposure among pregnant women.

    Methods Six communities(four intervention communities and two control communities) of a district in Shanghai were selected for this study. An intervention program based on skill development was implemented in the intervention group throughout the participants' whole pregnancy. Totally, 3 240 pregnant women(intervention group: n=2 151; control group: n=1 089) participated in the study from March 2011 to February 2012 to compare the changes in their passive smoke exposure time and rate in selected location categories and their knowledge scores about the harms of passive smoke before and after the intervention program.

    Results The passive smoking rate at home of the intervention group dropped from 21.9% to 3.2% at the end of the intervention, while that of the control group from 12.0% to 2.8%. The reduction showed significant differences between the two groups after verification by mixed effect model(P=0.006). With the difference of passive smoking rates at baseline between the intervention group and the control group being removed, the passive smoking rate at home of the intervention group was 50% of the control group at the end of intervention. The passive smoking rate of the intervention group was reduced from 12.6% to 1.2% at indoor work places and from 29.1% at baseline to 5.0% at public places, but no difference in the reduction of passive smoking rate at indoor work places and public places between the intervention group and the control group. With the difference of passive smoking time at baseline between the intervention group and the control group being removed, the passive smoking time at home of the intervention group was shorter than that of the control group(P=0.000 7). No differences between the intervention group and the control group were found in the changes of passive smoking time at indoor work places or public places(P> 0.05).

    Conclusion The intervention based on skill training and knowledge education could reduce pregnant women's exposure to passive smoke at home. Further efforts should focus on exploring effective measures to reduce passive smoke exposure in indoor work places and public places.

     

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