Abstract: Air pollution is closely related to the occurrence and progression of hypertension. This article expounded the epidemiological relationships between hypertension and air pollution in different exposure time and susceptible populations. It also discussed the biological mechanisms of air pollution in promoting or inducing the occurrence or progression of hypertension, including the imbalance of autonomic nervous system, oxidative stress, immune inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. The analysis results showed that alleviating air pollution can reduce related cardiovascular toxic effects, and large-scale research on this pair association is required in China in the future to provide a basis for further strengthening the early prevention and control of hypertension.