Roles of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and its mediated signaling pathways in pulmonary epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by paraquat
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Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
In recent years, with the wide application of herbicides in agricultural production, pesticide poisoning events which are mainly caused by paraquat occur frequently and lead to a high mortality rate. Lung is the main target organ of paraquat poisoning, and its pathological changes include early alveolitis, pulmonary edema, and advanced pulmonary fibrosis. The pulmonary fibrosis mechanism of paraquat poisoning is complex. Recent studies show that a variety of cytokines and signaling pathways are key to the formation of pulmonary fibrosis. In this paper, we reviewed the roles of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and its mediated cell signaling pathways (Smads, MAPK, and Wnt) in pulmonary epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by paraquat.
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