Research progress on renal injury induced by cadmium
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Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
The harm of cadmium in environment has drawn increasing attention. This paper reviewed the changes of tissue pathological presentations and early clinical indicators of renal injury induced by cadmium, as well as potential mechanisms of its toxic actions, such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, autophagy, and DNA methylation, aiming to provide scientific evidence for studying nephrotoxicity of cadmium.
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