Cardiac developmental toxicity of trichloroethylene
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Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the leading type of birth malformations in China. In addition to genetic mutations, environmental factors also contribute to the development of CHDs. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a widespread environmental organic contaminant. Epidemiological studies show a strong association between maternal TCE exposure and CHDs. TCE is also found to be able to induce cardiac defects in animal experiments, and in vitro experiment results indicate that TCE prevents cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. However, the underlining molecular mechanism of cardiac developmental toxicity of TCE is largely unknown. This review discussed the latest advances on cardiac developmental toxicity of TCE from the aspects of epidemiological studies, animal experiments, in vitro experiments, and molecular mechanisms.
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