Toxicological studies on neodymium oxide
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Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
Neodymium oxide is recognized as one of the most important rare earth oxides. Its usage is increasing and has raised great concerns about its potential toxic actions. This article described the metabolic process in vivo, the toxic effects both in vivo and in vitro, and possible action mechanism of neodymium oxide, pointed out the limitations in current studies, and proposed directions for future research on neodymium oxide toxicity.
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